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How the calculator percent key works

On a desk calculator, 50 + 10% gives 55 because the 10% is read as "10% of 50" (which is 5), not as 0.1. In general, A + B% = A × (1 + B/100), A − B% = A × (1 − B/100) and A × B% = A × B/100. Once you know this rule you can get sale prices, markups and tax straight from the calculator.

The three things the % key does

A desk calculator uses the number before the % key as the base. So "50 + 10%" means "add 10% of 50 to 50". Some phone calculators instead turn 10% into 0.1 and show 50.1, which is why the same keys give different answers on different apps.

You typeWhat it meansResult
50 + 10%50 plus 10% of 50 (5)55
50 − 10%50 minus 10% of 50 (5)45
50 × 10%10% of 505

Three percent formulas you'll actually use

Most everyday percent questions are one of these three.

  • X% of Y: Y × X ÷ 100. Example: 15% of 80 = 80 × 15 ÷ 100 = 12
  • X is what percent of Y: X ÷ Y × 100. Example: 12 is 12 ÷ 80 × 100 = 15% of 80
  • Percent change: (new − old) ÷ old × 100. Example: 80 → 100 is +25%, 100 → 80 is −20%

Two common traps

Adding 10% and then taking 10% off does not get you back where you started. $100 plus 10% is $110, but $110 minus 10% is $99. To remove a 10% tax from a total, divide: $110 ÷ 1.1 = $100.

Stacked discounts don't simply add up. 20% off and then an extra 10% off takes $100 to $80 and then to $72, a total discount of 28%, not 30%.

Percent change depends on the starting value. Going from 80 to 100 is a 25% increase, but going from 100 back to 80 is a 20% decrease, because the base is different.

How Calcnest handles it

Calcnest's percent key works like a desk calculator, so 50 + 10% = 55, 50 − 10% = 45 and 50 × 10% = 5. It also follows the order of operations, so 2 + 2 × 3 = 8.

The Percent tool answers "X% of Y", "X is what % of Y" and percent change directly, and the Discount tool handles an extra discount on top and shows the final price and the amount saved. Every result is saved to history automatically.

Percent math, without second-guessing

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