Cups to grams for baking: why every ingredient is different
A cup measures volume and a gram measures weight, so how many grams are in a cup depends on the ingredient's density. Using one US cup (236.59 ml): water is about 237 g, all-purpose flour about 125 g, granulated sugar about 200 g, butter about 227 g and uncooked rice about 185 g. The formula is grams = volume in ml × density in g/ml.
Why one cup weighs differently
A cup of flour has lots of air between the particles, so it's light. Sugar and butter pack tightly, so the same cup is much heavier. That's why no single "1 cup = X grams" number works for every ingredient. The table below uses densities of 1.0 (water), 0.53 (flour), 0.85 (sugar), 0.96 (butter) and 0.78 (rice) g/ml.
| Ingredient | 1 cup (236.59 ml) | 1 tbsp (14.79 ml) | 1 tsp (4.93 ml) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ≈ 237 g | ≈ 14.8 g | ≈ 4.9 g |
| Flour | ≈ 125 g | ≈ 7.8 g | ≈ 2.6 g |
| Sugar | ≈ 200 g | ≈ 12.6 g | ≈ 4.2 g |
| Butter | ≈ 227 g | ≈ 14.2 g | ≈ 4.7 g |
| Rice | ≈ 185 g | ≈ 11.5 g | ≈ 3.8 g |
How to convert it yourself
If you know the density, you can convert any amount.
- Cups → ml: cups × 236.59. Example: ½ cup = 118.3 ml
- ml → grams: ml × density. Example: flour 118.3 ml × 0.53 ≈ 63 g
- Grams → cups: grams ÷ density ÷ 236.59. Example: 250 g flour ÷ 0.53 ÷ 236.59 ≈ 2 cups
Tips for accurate baking
Flour weight varies with how you fill the cup: sifted flour weighs less, packed flour weighs more. If a recipe gives grams, weighing on a kitchen scale is the most reliable option.
Check which cup the recipe uses. These numbers are for the US cup (236.59 ml); a 200 ml cup, common in Korean recipes, holds about 15% less, so a cup of flour is closer to 106 g.
How Calcnest converts it
In Calcnest's unit converter, the cooking section lets you pick water, milk, flour, sugar, butter or rice and convert cups, tablespoons and teaspoons to grams and back. Length, weight, volume, temperature, area, speed and data conversions are in the same place, every result is saved to history, and it all works offline.
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